Linux-xtrabackup实现全量+增量+binlog恢复库-编程思维

备份环境

centos7 ,地址10.0.0.7    数据库: MySQL5.7 数据库    备份库

centos7     地址10.0.0.77  数据库: MySQL5.7 数据库    还原库 

xtrabackup工具2.4

 

centos7:10.0.0.7和10.0.0.77 都操作

创建备份目录

上传工具包xtrabackup

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#mkdir /backup/
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg boost_1_59_0.tar.gz percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装工具包

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64
Marking percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBD::mysql) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::MD5) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libev.so.4()(64bit) for package: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libev.x86_64 0:4.15-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI::Const::GetInfoType) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) >= 1.00 for package: perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

======================================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch        Version               Repository                                       Size
======================================================================================================================
Installing:
 percona-xtrabackup-24        x86_64      2.4.20-1.el7          /percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64       32 M
Installing for dependencies:
 libev                        x86_64      4.15-7.el7            extras                                           44 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2      x86_64      2.061-3.el7           base                                             32 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib       x86_64      1:2.061-4.el7         base                                             57 k
 perl-DBD-MySQL               x86_64      4.023-6.el7           base                                            140 k
 perl-DBI                     x86_64      1.627-4.el7           base                                            802 k
 perl-Digest                  noarch      1.17-245.el7          base                                             23 k
 perl-Digest-MD5              x86_64      2.52-3.el7            base                                             30 k
 perl-IO-Compress             noarch      2.061-2.el7           base                                            260 k
 perl-Net-Daemon              noarch      0.48-5.el7            base                                             51 k
 perl-PlRPC                   noarch      0.2020-14.el7         base                                             36 k
 rsync                        x86_64      3.1.2-10.el7          base                                            404 k

Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+11 Dependent packages)

Total size: 34 M
Total download size: 1.8 M
Installed size: 36 M
Downloading packages:
(1/11): libev-4.15-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                            |  44 kB  00:00:00     
(2/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                         |  32 kB  00:00:00     
(3/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          |  57 kB  00:00:00     
(4/11): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 140 kB  00:00:00     
(5/11): perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm                                                    |  23 kB  00:00:00     
(6/11): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                        | 802 kB  00:00:00     
(7/11): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                | 260 kB  00:00:00     
(8/11): perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  |  30 kB  00:00:00     
(9/11): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                  |  51 kB  00:00:00     
(10/11): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm                                                   |  36 kB  00:00:00     
(11/11): rsync-3.1.2-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 404 kB  00:00:00     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                 1.1 MB/s | 1.8 MB  00:00:01     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch                                                                   1/12 
  Installing : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64                                                                 2/12 
  Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                                                       3/12 
  Installing : libev-4.15-7.el7.x86_64                                                                           4/12 
  Installing : rsync-3.1.2-10.el7.x86_64                                                                         5/12 
  Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                                                 6/12 
  Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                                                        7/12 
  Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                                               8/12 
  Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                                                   9/12 
  Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                                                      10/12 
  Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64                                                                11/12 
  Installing : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                        12/12 
  Verifying  : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64                                                        1/12 
  Verifying  : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch                                                                 2/12 
  Verifying  : percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                         3/12 
  Verifying  : perl-Digest-MD5-2.52-3.el7.x86_64                                                                 4/12 
  Verifying  : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64                                                                 5/12 
  Verifying  : rsync-3.1.2-10.el7.x86_64                                                                         6/12 
  Verifying  : libev-4.15-7.el7.x86_64                                                                           7/12 
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64                                                       8/12 
  Verifying  : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch                                                                   9/12 
  Verifying  : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64                                                                      10/12 
  Verifying  : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch                                                              11/12 
  Verifying  : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch                                                                  12/12 

Installed:
  percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64 0:2.4.20-1.el7                                                                         

Dependency Installed:
  libev.x86_64 0:4.15-7.el7                                 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7              
  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7               perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7                       
  perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7                             perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7                         
  perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7                       perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7                     
  perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7                       perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7                         
  rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7                              

Complete!
xtrabackup安装

 

centos7:10.0.0.7  备份操作

1、完全备份

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup -uroot -patech123456 --backup --target-dir=/backup/base

备份的目录文件

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#ll /backup/base/
total 12336
-rw-r----- 1 root root      487 May 14 20:00 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root      301 May 14 20:00 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 14 20:00 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 May 14 20:00 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 May 14 20:00 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 May 14 20:00 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root      135 May 14 20:00 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root      437 May 14 20:00 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root     2560 May 14 20:00 xtrabackup_logfile

2、第一次修改数据

修改数据库文件

  students表中增加一名学员

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      9925 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert students(name,age,gender,classid)values('Dugu qiubai',40,'M',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |     10214 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3、第一次增量备份

xtrabackup -uroot -patech123456 --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/backup/base

4、第二次修改数据

修改数据库文件

  terchers 表中增加一名教师

mysql> insert teachers(name,age,gender)values('Yuan Tiangang',80,'M');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |     10501 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5、第二次增量备份

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup -uroot -patech123456 --backup --target-dir=/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/backup/inc1

6、把备份的文件复制到 10.0.0.77 机器上换源 

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#scp -r /backup/*  10.0.0.77:/backup/

 

centos7:10.0.0.77 还原操作

还原过程

1、预准备完成备份,此选项--apply-log-only 阻止回滚未完成的事务

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base/
[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base/
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=strict_crc32 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_fast_checksum=0 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_log_block_size=512 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=0 --server-id=7 --redo-log-version=1 
xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --apply-log-only=1 --target-dir=/backup/base/ 
xtrabackup version 2.4.20 based on MySQL server 5.7.26 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: c8b4056)
xtrabackup: cd to /backup/base/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(2808169)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 2808169
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 2808178 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 8801, file name mysql-bin.000001
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 8801, file name mysql-bin.000001

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2808187
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
220514 22:13:40 completed OK!
命令执行详情

2、合并第一次增量备份到完全备份

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc1

3、合并第二次增量备份到完全备份:最后一次还原不需要加选项--apply-log-only 

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#xtrabackup --prepare  --target-dir=/backup/base --incremental-dir=/backup/inc2

4、复制到数据库目录,注意数据库目录必须为空,MySQL服务不能启动

  关闭数据库服务

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#systemctl stop mysqld

  确认数据库目录为空

[root@centos7-liyj /backup/base]#rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@centos7-liyj /backup/base]#cd /data/mysql/
[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#ll
total 0

还原好的数据库文件

[root@centos7-liyj /backup/base]#cd /data/mysql/
[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#ll
total 122924
drwxr-x--- 2 root root      272 May 14 22:39 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root      290 May 14 22:39 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 14 22:39 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 May 14 22:39 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 May 14 22:39 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 14 22:39 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 May 14 22:39 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 May 14 22:39 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 May 14 22:39 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root       23 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root      527 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root        1 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_master_key_id

5、还原属性

[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#ll
total 122924
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql      272 May 14 22:39 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      290 May 14 22:39 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 14 22:39 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 14 22:39 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 14 22:39 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 14 22:39 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 May 14 22:39 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 May 14 22:39 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 May 14 22:39 sys
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql       23 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      527 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql        1 May 14 22:39 xtrabackup_master_key_id

6、启动数据服务

启动报错

[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#systemctl  start mysqld
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

原因备份库开启了二进制日志,还原库完成后没有二进制日志目录

(1)修改server-id

[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]

server-id=77       #修改server-id
log-bin=/data/mysql/logbin/mysql-bin

(2)建立二进制日志目录路径

[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#mkdir /data/mysql/logbin
[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

重启数据库服务成功

[root@centos7-liyj /data/mysql]#systemctl start mysqld

登录检查数据库

[root@centos7-liyj ~]#mysql -uroot -patech123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |
| logbin             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select * from students ;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name          | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
|     1 | Shi Zhongyu   |  22 | M      |       2 |         3 |
|     2 | Shi Potian    |  22 | M      |       1 |         7 |
|     3 | Xie Yanke     |  53 | M      |       2 |        16 |
|     4 | Ding Dian     |  32 | M      |       4 |         4 |
|     5 | Yu Yutong     |  26 | M      |       3 |         1 |
|     6 | Shi Qing      |  46 | M      |       5 |      NULL |
|     7 | Xi Ren        |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|     8 | Lin Daiyu     |  17 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|     9 | Ren Yingying  |  20 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    10 | Yue Lingshan  |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    11 | Yuan Chengzhi |  23 | M      |       6 |      NULL |
|    12 | Wen Qingqing  |  19 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    13 | Tian Boguang  |  33 | M      |       2 |      NULL |
|    14 | Lu Wushuang   |  17 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    15 | Duan Yu       |  19 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    16 | Xu Zhu        |  21 | M      |       1 |      NULL |
|    17 | Lin Chong     |  25 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    18 | Hua Rong      |  23 | M      |       7 |      NULL |
|    19 | Xue Baochai   |  18 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    20 | Diao Chan     |  19 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|    21 | Huang Yueying |  22 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    22 | Xiao Qiao     |  20 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    23 | Ma Chao       |  23 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    24 | Xu Xian       |  27 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    25 | Sun Dasheng   | 100 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    26 | Dugu qiubai   |  40 | M      |       1 |      NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
26 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from teachers ;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name          | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
|   1 | Song Jiang    |  45 | M      |
|   2 | Zhang Sanfeng |  94 | M      |
|   3 | Miejue Shitai |  77 | F      |
|   4 | Lin Chaoying  |  93 | F      |
|   5 | Yuan Tiangang |  80 | M      |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
详情

注意:生产中禁止 使用 select * from students;查询表全部内容

  生产中数据庞大,查看所有内容造成大量的I/O读取,机器直接卡死崩溃,严重影响业务

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